How do glyphosates impact bumblebee productivity and parasitology?

An interesting study. With all of the back and forth trying to ascertain causality related to certain bee population declines (pesticides, pollution, pathogens, parasites, wild versus cultivated bee colony susceptibility, etc.), it seems there has been quite a bit of uncontrolled variability in many of the studies done. It will be interesting to see the experiment methodology and what bounds that may place on the scope of potential conclusions. Things like: will the dosage be field-relevant to levels at time of application or for likely remaining residues at forage times? Will dosage try to emulate single exposure or lifetime-accumulated exposure estimates? How will diet be controlled and what will it consist of? How can/will population parasite burden be controlled and/or ascertained pre- and post-experiment? Some controls may run into cost limits based on this funding request, so understanding and clearly stating what can't be pinned down in this study is going to be very important.

Nicola, your write up is extremely informative and interesting, go make changes to the world, if anyone can do it, You can! Enjoy it like I know you do and Best of Luck