About This Project
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) often struggle to enforce regulations, allowing illegal activities to go unchecked. ProtectedSeas' Marine Monitor (M2), an autonomous onshore system using radar, Automatic Identification System (AIS), and cameras, can help—but high costs limit adoption. We propose integrating a lower-cost camera, reducing expenses by $70k, and adding a “loitering guard” to target individual poachers, making M2 more accessible and effective.
Ask the Scientists
Join The DiscussionWhat is the context of this research?
ProtectedSeas provides tools to monitor and protect MPAs worldwide.
One initiative is Navigator, an interactive map that details 22,000 (and counting) marine areas (including MPAs) and regulations. Capturing granular information per area improves current protection assessment, informs future planning, and increases compliance through awareness. Partners include Dr. Sylvia Earle's Mission Blue and Dr. Daniel Pauly's Sea Around Us.
Another initiative is Marine Monitor (M2), an autonomous system that tracks and records vessel activity using AIS, radar, and cameras. Beyond MPA monitoring, M2 has tracked vessel speeds in whale habitats and recorded underwater noise pollution. Over 27 M2 stations have been deployed, assisting with many citations and prosecutions.
What is the significance of this project?
Over the years, ProtectedSeas has partnered with federal, state, and local agencies, NGOs, and research institutions to deploy over 27 M2 stations. With the autonomous monitoring M2 provides, illegal violations that would have gone unnoticed are recorded daily. Law enforcement have prepared evidence packages including but not limited to photos, track information with GPS, and vessel information collected by AIS such as MMSI, which have resulted in successful citations and prosecutions. Despite fundraising and M2’s proven results, MPAs remain priced out. By developing compatibility with a lower-cost camera while maintaining photo quality at 5 miles, we can reduce M2’s cost without compromising features.
What are the goals of the project?
Our first goal is to ensure the AXIS Q62 camera integrates with radar and AIS tracking. When targeting a vessel, M2 sends coordinates so the camera can pan, tilt, and zoom. To keep vessels centered, we must update complex trigonometric and mathematical formulas. Proper calibration ensures quality images of moving vessels up to 5 miles away.
Our second goal is a Loitering Guard that identifies individuals near MPA shorelines. While M2 now only focuses on vessels, MPAs have requested detecting people onshore involved in illegal activities like spear fishing or coral harvesting. Since offshore fishing is only one threat, Loitering Guard helps protect MPAs from shore-based violations.
Budget
Our budget items are crucial for completing our project to enhance the Marine Monitor (M2) system and make it more affordable. The AXIS Q62 camera represents a fixed, one-time cost based on average quoted prices. We currently use a variety of cameras that can cost as much as $70k. Thus, a $5k camera could generate significant cost savings and allow many more MPA administrators to afford our system.
The development cost budget will fund networking, engineering, and software development by our in-house and contracted engineers. These funds will cover hardware and software modifications to integrate the AXIS Q62 camera seamlessly with M2.
Additionally, we hope to experiment with creating a loitering guard, a feature requested by several MPA organizations to detect and monitor individual poachers such as spear fishermen and coral harvesters. We hope this will enable MPAs to monitor individuals as well as vessels with M2.
Endorsed by
Project Timeline
In early phases, we will integrate and calibrate the AXIS Q62 camera into our existing test M2 machine without compromising on current capabilities. Slow latency may force us to decrease photo count and insufficient zoom may force us to decrease distance.
Once stable, we develop Loitering Guard and test the feasibility of detecting individuals consistently and accurately. The biggest priority, however, is integrating AXIS Q62 without sacrificing on current capabilities.
Jan 03, 2025
Project Launched
Jan 31, 2025
Identify and purchase AXIS Q62 camera
Feb 14, 2025
Install AXIS Q62 camera at SF Bay test M2 station with radar and AIS already installed
Mar 14, 2025
Camera testing for compatibility with the M2 system
Jul 31, 2025
Experiment with developing Loitering Guard feature to detect individual poachers.
Meet the Team
Bryant Irawan
I earned my BA in Human Biology from Stanford (2015) and a Doctorate of Dental Surgery from UC San Francisco (2019). Still a licensed California dentist, my love for the ocean has always been present.
My earliest memory is crying myself to the verge of vomiting because I didn't want to leave the beach after seeing it for the first time.
In college, I was drawn to marine biology, studying at Hopkins Marine Station in Monterey and participating in two ocean conservation study-abroads: coral farming at Australia's Heron Island and oceanographic sampling on a 2,500-nautical-mile voyage from Tahiti to Hawaii.
During dental school, my love for the ocean never faded. I would volunteer at beach cleanups and also started to surf. After graduating, I chose to practice dentistry at my favorite surf city and now my beloved hometown, Santa Cruz.
After years of lunch breaks staring longingly at the ocean, I decided to learn a new skillset that would give me a better chance of working on ocean conservation than dentistry would. I chose software engineering as a versatile choice and took night classes. Soon after, I ended up quitting my job to study coding full-time in an immersive advanced bootcamp called HackReactor.
After a few months of honing my skills and gaining experience at a health-tech startup, I joined ProtectedSeas and have since developed the current mobile app as well as deployed several new M2 stations. With this grant, I can hopefully improve the M2 by developing a Loitering Guard to detect and monitor potential individual violators while making M2 drastically more affordable by ensuring compatibility with a lower-cost camera.
Other ways I express my love for the ocean include being an avid scuba diver and sailing across the Atlantic, recording the furthest north observation of pygmy killer whales.
Lab Notes
Nothing posted yet.
Additional Information
Screenshot of track line: This is an example of M2 precisely recording a complex track line of a vessel. While all vessels' tracks detectable by radar and AIS are recorded, alarm zones such as the box with the red boundary can be created to automatically label a vessel as a potential violator. Text and email alerts can also be created to inform MPA administrators and law enforcement agents of a potential violation. While this screenshot is of Marine Monitor's live view and so this vessel will disappear once it leaves the area, a link to the historical viewer is included in the text and email alert so that MPA administrators can easily refer to potential violators at their earliest convenience. Other vessels are also observed in this busy section of San Francisco Bay. If the vessel has AIS turned on and either their MMSI or vessel name registered, that will be displayed. If the vessel has turned off AIS as is often the case of MPA violators, M2's radar can still detect them and photos can still be taken. These can be seen with the two digit radar targets (eg. #51).
Screenshot of photo and vessel information: This is an example of vessel information (course, location, and speed) obtainable by either radar or AIS and photo 5 of 6 of a fast-moving vessel around 5 miles away. Additional features of M2 include emailing the vessel track for future reference, labeling the vessel or writing notes through tags, uploading your own photo of the vessel, or tracking the boat in real-time. This is meant for law enforcement on the water who want updates on the vessel's location and coarse every 30 seconds to potentially intercept the vessel.
Additionally, our M2 Stations are designed with openness in mind, frequently open-sourced, and shared with a diverse range of stakeholders. Whether collaborating with MPA administrators, NOAA, or contributing to educational aquarium exhibits, we've always prioritize sharing our data whenever appropriate to foster transparency and enhance collective marine conservation efforts.
ProtectedSeas understands that MPA creation is only one component of marine conservation. As MPA borders are often undefined by geographic landmarks and rules regarding take can vary dramatically between even nearby MPAs, Navigator is instrumental to ensuring ignorance or confusion is not an excuse for non-compliance. Further, active enforcement is required to ensure an MPA is doing what it is intended and Marine Monitor (M2) has successfully aided MPAs around the world do exactly this. Hopefully, this grant will enable many more MPA administrators to increase their enforcement through M2.
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